This consistency entails the historical development of theory, which includes ethereal physics. The cause of gravity is thus explained in a way it is consistent with the wave aspect of theory: such that, how matter gravitates other matter is explained in a manner analogous to how it propagates freely through an ethereal medium.

Contents

Introduction. 1

Relative Motion in a Plenum.. 12

Newtonian Mechanics. 23

Internal Forces. 39

The Invisible Ether 52

The Relativity of Rotation. 67

Inertial and Gravitational Mass. 81

Black Holes. 91

Special and General 100

Relativity Analogies. 100

Quantum Theory. 113

Big Bang Cosmology. 132

Steady State Cosmology. 143

Cosmic Relativity. 151

Explaining Gravity Ethereally. 163

Appendixes

The Pythagorean Theorem.. 184

The Michelson-Morley Experiment 185

Generalizing Direction. 191

Lorentz Transformations. 198

Adding Velocities. 202

Covariance. 207

The Clock Paradox. 215

The Doppler Effect 219

Simultaneity. 224

Elasticity. 228

Relative Mass. 234

Relativistic Mass-Energy. 238

Invariance. 243

Constant Acceleration. 249

Entropy. 258

Radiant Energy. 263

Quantum Physics. 271

Quantum Application. 275

Wave Mechanics. 280

De Broglie Waves. 284

Schrodinger’s Wave Equation. 286

Spin and Anti Matter 290

The Particle-Wave Paradox. 294

Probability Waves. 298

Uncertainty. 300

Particle Effects, Symmetry and Unification. 303

Introduction

There are no black holes. They result from inconsistent interpretation of theory. The two theories here referred to are special relativity and general relativity. Interpretation of them is inconsistent with regard to describing relative space-time according to constant light speed. Light speed is constant according to special relativity due to space-time being relative. Space-time is also relative according to general relativity, as according to space-time curvature resulting from the presence of mass. According to the established interpretation of this theory, however, light speed varies in a gravitational field.

How is it, then, space-time is relative according to both theories but light speed is either constant or varies according to space-time curvature or the relative strength of the gravitational field in which it propagates?

It is because established interpretation of general relativity is simply inconsistent with the relative space-time of special relativity that is defined according to constant light speed. A more consistent interpretation is with regard to general relativity being analogically the same as special relativity whereby relative space-time is also defined according to constant light speed.

Describing space-time curvature in analogy with the space-time of special relativity requires no mathematical modification of theory. The issue is merely one of consistent interpretation. However, there are further issues with regard to quantum physics and cosmology. They, too, need to be interpreted in a manner consistent with the historical development of theory.

Relative Space-Time Consistency

Einstein founded the theory of special relativity on two postulates: the principle of covariance and constant light speed. By covariance, the laws of physics are the same for all observers regardless of the velocity any one observer moves at relative to another. All observers can equally consider themselves to be relatively at rest and the other observers to be in relative motion. The effects of being in relative motion are therefore the same for all systems of reference. Clocks, for instance, are relatively slow due to them being in relative motion. Since two observers moving relative to each other equally consider themselves to be relatively at rest, each one perceives the other’s clock as slow. How they can both be slow is a paradox of theory but not a contradiction. It is explainable and is explained in appendix G.

The principle of covariance also applies to light speed. All observers perceive light, as moving relative to themselves, at the same speed. Apart from the principle of covariance, however, light speed is unique in its own right. All light, regardless of its energy, moves at the same rate through a vacuum in gravitational free space whereas material objects move at various speeds according to how they are affected by various encounters with light or other material objects.

How is this unique property possible?

Constant light speed is explainable as waves of energy propagating at the same rate through a medium called the ether. It is determined to move at the same speed relative to all observers instead because it is conditional to space-time being relative. Because clocks in relative motion are relatively retarded, and because lengths are contracted in the direction of relative motion, it is uniquely determined by all observers as if they are relatively at rest. Instead of them determining variable light speed relative to themselves, they observe the relative space-time effects of systems being in relative motion, as according to the principle of covariance. The relativity of space-time is thereby conditional to the principle of covariance and constant light speed.

About the Author:

My interest in relativity theory and cosmology began in the early 1970s. I took a class in space, time and motion, debated with the professor, and stubbornly wrote a paper that I submitted to a physics' journal. The editor was interested enough to call me on the phone, but I soon realized the error in my reasoning and canceled.

I also had attempted to generalize my idea to include gravity. Although it was wrong, I discovered special and general relativity are not presented in a way they are of the same form. This bothered me for years and I eventually took on the challenge of either finding out why they cannot be of the same form or showing they actually are. My conclusion is given in the book Gravity, Quasi Black Holes and Cosmic Relativity.

Gravity, Quasi Black Holes and Cosmic Relativity

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